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Fourth Amendment – The Evolution of Search and Seizure

The members of the Constitutional Convention could not have imagined the technological advancement of the past few decades or how it would affect police search and seizure activities. Americans commonly take privacy and security for granted. The Internet coupled with intelligent computers changed the trajectory of all American lives leading to unprecedented challenges to our Fourth […]

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Freedom to Petition Without Guarantee of Response

Inspired by clauses from the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights, the Freedom to Petition Clause bloomed later in America than the other four categories of the First Amendment. Petition Any Level This clause applies equally to state, local, and federal governments. Courts have ruled that citizens may petition all branches of government, whether

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Freedom Of The Press – Fundamental To Liberty

Before the American Revolution, the Crown subjected the colonies to a limited press. Due to this, the British government censored newspapers and prohibited publishing unfavorable material and opinions. Despite an ocean between them, England held libel cases in America over published views. Under the 1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights, Virginia became the first state to

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Free Speech – Content Neutrality

The second clause of the First Amendment allows the right to express opinions with governmental restraint, but this comes with many limitations. Ancient Greeks as a principle of democracy established the concept of free speech centuries earlier. However, Supreme Court rulings on Freedom of Speech continually detail what constitutes free speech. Public Versus Private Communication Free

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